1.error: command ‘gcc’ failed with exit status 1
今夜在CentOS release 6.9 和Python 2.7.3环境下，从源码安装pyltp，代码如下：
$ git clone https<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token operator">/</span>
<span class="token operator">/</span>github<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>
<span class="token constant">HIT</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>
<span class="token constant">SCIR</span>
<span class="token operator">/</span>pyltp
$ git submodule init
$ git submodule update
$ python setup<span class="token punctuation">.</span>py install <span class="token comment"># Mac系统出现版本问题使用 MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.7 python setup.py install</span>
安装到最后一行：
$ python setup.py install
报错：
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
学习了CentOS6.5升级手动安装GCC4.8.2发现是系统自带的gcc(4.4.7) 版本太老所致，不能支持C++11的特性，要升级到4.8.2，以下是正确操作。
1.1获取安装包并解压
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.9.4/gcc-4.9.4.tar.bz2
tar <span class="token operator">-</span>jxvf
gcc-4.9.4.tar.bz2
此外，http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc 里面有所有的gcc版本供下载。
1.2 下载供编译需求的依赖项
参考文献Linux升级GCC 4.8.1清晰简明教程(Ubuntu 12.04 64位版为例)中说：这个神奇的脚本文件会帮我们下载、配置、安装依赖库，可以节约我们大量的时间和精力。
cd gcc-4.9.4
./contrib/download_prerequisites
1.3建立一个目录供编译出的文件存放
mkdir gcc-build
cd gcc-build
1.4 生成Makefile文件
../configure -enable-checking=release -enable-languages=c,c++ -disable-multilib
1.5 编译（注意：此步骤非常耗时）
<span class="token builtin">make</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>j4
-j4选项是make对多核处理器的优化，如果不成功请使用 make，相关优化选项可以移步至参考文献Ubuntu下Vim+GCC+GDB安装及使用。
1.6、安装
sudo <span class="token builtin">make</span> install
验证安装
重启，然后查看gcc版本：
如下图安装成功
2. ImportError: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.18′ not found (required by /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyltp-0.2.1-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg/pyltp.so)
运行pyltp程序时报错：
ImportError<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>usr<span class="token operator">/</span>lib64<span class="token operator">/</span>libstdc<span class="token operator">++</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>so<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">6</span>
<span class="token punctuation">:</span> version `GLIBCXX_3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">4.18</span>' not found
<span class="token punctuation">(</span>required by <span class="token operator">/</span>usr<span class="token operator">/</span>local<span class="token operator">/</span>lib<span class="token operator">/</span>python2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">7</span>
<span class="token operator">/</span>site<span class="token operator">-</span>packages<span class="token operator">/</span>pyltp<span class="token operator">-</span>
<span class="token number">0.2</span>
<span class="token number">.1</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>py2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">7</span>
<span class="token operator">-</span>linux<span class="token operator">-</span>x86_64<span class="token punctuation">.</span>egg<span class="token operator">/</span>pyltp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>so<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
学习
Linux下GLIBCXX和GLIBC版本低造成的编译错误的解决方案后发现是一个是关于C++的系统版本库libstdc++版本过低的问题。
1.1首先查看错误信息提示中的lib文件的信息
$ strings <span class="token operator">/</span>usr<span class="token operator">/</span>lib/
x86_64-linux-gnu
<span class="token operator">/</span>libstdc<span class="token operator">++</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>so<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> grep <span class="token constant">GLIBC</span>
这里是打印 libstdc++.so.6的输出信息中限定（grep） GLIBC库的信息，查看当前GLIBCXX版本结果如图所示：
确实比较旧了，那么我们有新版本么？我们安装了gcc 4.8.0，按理说应该已经装了新版的libstdC++.,如果没有，可以去网上下一个。
先在本机找：
<span class="token builtin">find</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>name libstdc<span class="token operator">++</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>so<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">6</span>
<span class="token operator">*</span>
结果如图所示：
我们发现，gcc安装时把/libstdc++.so.6.0.18 安装到了/usr/local/lib64下，但并没有改变libstdc++.so.6的链接指向。那么我们手动来更新软链接(也可以直接指向/usr/local下的文件，不用拷贝， 看各自的文件管理习惯）
$ cp <span class="token operator">/</span>usr<span class="token operator">/</span>local<span class="token operator">/</span>lib64<span class="token operator">/</span>libstdc<span class="token operator">++</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>so<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">6.0</span>
<span class="token number">.18</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>usr<span class="token operator">/</span>lib/
x86_64-linux-gnu
$ rm <span class="token operator">-</span>rf <span class="token operator">/</span>usr<span class="token operator">/</span>lib64<span class="token operator">/</span>libstdc<span class="token operator">++</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>so<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">6</span>
$ ln <span class="token operator">-</span>s <span class="token operator">/</span>usr<span class="token operator">/</span>lib/
x86_64-linux-gnu
<span class="token operator">/</span>libstdc<span class="token operator">++</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>so<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">6.0</span>
<span class="token number">.18</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>usr<span class="token operator">/</span>lib/
x86_64-linux-gnu
<span class="token operator">/</span>libstdc<span class="token operator">++</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>so<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">6</span>
$ strings <span class="token operator">/</span>usr<span class="token operator">/</span>lib/
x86_64-linux-gnu
<span class="token operator">/</span>libstdc<span class="token operator">++</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span>so<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> grep <span class="token constant">GLIBC</span>
然后更新成功，结果如下图：
此时再运行.py文件，GLIBCXX的问题没有了。
