{"id":561,"date":"2011-07-22T11:12:04","date_gmt":"2011-07-22T03:12:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nick.workao.org\/?p=561"},"modified":"2011-07-22T11:12:04","modified_gmt":"2011-07-22T03:12:04","slug":"debian%e5%ae%9a%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%bb%e5%8a%a1%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86cron%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/linux\/561","title":{"rendered":"Debian\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406cron\u8bbe\u7f6e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(\u6700\u7b80\u4fbf\u6bcf\u5929\u5b9a\u65f6\u5173\u673a\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a1. gedit\u00a0 \/etc\/crontab 2.\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\uff1a01 22\u00a0 <em> <\/em> *\u00a0 root halt -p #\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u592922\uff1a01\u5173\u673a)\n\u4efb\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc \u5185\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u6bcf\u5929 (daily)\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468 (weekly) \u6216\u6bcf\u6708(monthly) \u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u653e\u7f6e\u5728 \/etc\/cron.{daily,weekly,monthly} \u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece \/etc\/crontab \u4e2d\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u987a\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\u6216\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u5468\u671f\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u60a8\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 \/etc\/crontab\uff0c\u6216 \/etc\/cron.d\/whatever\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u57df\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u6307\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ea\u9700\u7f16\u8f91\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0ccron \u5c06\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u518d\u8fd0\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c:\ncrontab : \u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u8005\u591a\u6b21.\nat : \u53ea\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21.<\/p>\n<p>crontab\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2acrontab\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\n\u6bcf\u884c\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7684 \u547d\u4ee4 \u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\uff08cron \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ecf\u5e38\u68c0\u67e5 \/etc\/crontab \u6587\u4ef6\u3002cron \u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e5f\u68c0\u67e5 \/var\/cron\/tabs \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u65b0\u7684 crontab \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b crontab \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e9b cron \u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684crontab\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0croot\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee:<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/cron.allow\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5217\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528crontab.\n\/etc\/cron.deny\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5217\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528crontab.<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7684crontab\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\/var\/spool\/cron\/crontabs\/\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bfb\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7528crontab\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u52a0\u5165\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5de5\u4f7f\u75283\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8c03\u5ea6\u4efb\u52a1:\/etc\/cron.daily, \/etc\/cron.weekly, \u548c \/etc\/cron.monthly.\u5c31\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6240\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u542b\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u5929\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u6216\u8005\u6bcf\u6708\u95f4\u9694\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528crontab\u6587\u4ef6\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u952e\u5165 crontab options user \u6216\u8005 crontab -e<\/p>\n<p>(\u53ea\u6709root \u624d\u80fd\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684 crontab\u6587\u4ef6)<\/p>\n<p>crontab \u547d\u4ee4 (\u8c03\u5ea6)<\/p>\n<p>=======================================================================<\/p>\n<p>1.\u76f4\u63a5\u7528crontab\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8f91<\/p>\n<p>cron\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9bcrontab\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9acron\u670d\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\ncrontab -u \/\/\u8bbe\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684cron\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e00\u822croot\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u6b64\u53c2\u6570\ncrontab -l \/\/\u5217\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237cron\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\ncrontab -r \/\/\u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684cron\u670d\u52a1\ncrontab -e \/\/\u7f16\u8f91\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684cron\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4root\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684cron\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a\ncrontab -u root -l\n\u518d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0croot\u60f3\u5220\u9664fred\u7684cron\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a\ncrontab -u fred -r<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7f16\u8f91cron\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\uff1a\ncrontab -u root -e<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u5165vi\u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><em>\/1 <\/em> <em> <\/em> * ls >> \/tmp\/ls.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u5199\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u5c31\u53ef \u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bb0\u5f97\u5199\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u4e94\u4e2a*\u53f7\u4ee3\u8868\u4e94\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u949f\u3000\uff080-59\uff09\n\u5c0f?\u3000\uff080-23\uff09\n\u65e5\u671f\u3000\uff081-31\uff09\n\u6708\u4efd\u3000\uff081-12\uff09\n\u661f\u671f\u3000\uff080-6\uff09 \/\/0\u4ee3\u8868\u661f\u671f\u5929<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5c31\u662f* \/ \u2013 ,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6570\u5b57\n\/ \u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u7684\u610f\u601d\n*\/5 \u8868\u793a\u6bcf5\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u8868\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n, \u5206\u5f00\u51e0\u4e2a\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u6570\u5b57<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a6\u70b9\n0 6 <em> <\/em> * echo \u201cGood morning.\u201d >> \/tmp\/test.txt \/\/\u6ce8\u610f\u5355\u7eafecho\uff0c\u4ece\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3acron\u628a\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa\u90fdemail\u5230root\u7684\u4fe1\u7bb1\u4e86<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\n0 <em>\/2 <\/em> <em> <\/em> echo \u201cHave a break now.\u201d >> \/tmp\/test.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u665a\u4e0a11\u70b9\u5230\u65e9\u4e0a8\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u6bcf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u65e9\u4e0a\u516b\u70b9\n0 23-7\/2\uff0c8 <em> <\/em> * echo \u201cHave a good dream\uff1a\uff09\u201d >> \/tmp\/test.txt<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u76844\u53f7\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793c\u62dc\u7684\u793c\u62dc\u4e00\u5230\u793c\u62dc\u4e09\u7684\u65e9\u4e0a11\u70b9\n0 11 4 * 1-3 command line<\/p>\n<p>1\u67081\u65e5\u65e9\u4e0a4\u70b9\n0 4 1 1 * command line<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\u5b8c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684cron\u8bbe\u7f6e\u540e\uff0ccron\u81ea\u52a8\u5728\/var\/spool\/cron\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u540c\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u7684cron\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587 \u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528crontab -e \u6765\u7f16\u8f91\u3002cron\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u6bcf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4efd\u949f\u8bfb\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u8981\u6267\u884c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8cron\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/crontab \u6587\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6ecron<\/p>\n<p>cron\u670d\u52a1\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u8bfb\u4e00\u6b21\/var\/spool\/cron\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u4e00\u6b21\/etc\/crontab,\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u914d\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u80fd\u8fd0\u7528 cron\u670d\u52a1\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u7528crontab\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/crontab\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>SHELL=\/bin\/bash\nPATH=\/sbin:\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin\nMAILTO=root \/\/\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e10\u53f7\nHOME=\/ \/\/\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8def\u5f84,\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<h1>run-parts<\/h1>\n<p>01 <em> <\/em> <em> <\/em> root run-parts \/etc\/cron.hourly \/\/\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u6267\u884c\/etc\/cron.hourly\u5185\u7684\u811a\u672c\n02 4 <em> <\/em> <em> root run-parts \/etc\/cron.daily \/\/\u6bcf\u5929\u6267\u884c\/etc\/cron.daily\u5185\u7684\u811a\u672c\n22 4 <\/em> <em> 0 root run-parts \/etc\/cron.weekly \/\/\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u6267\u884c\/etc\/cron.weekly\u5185\u7684\u811a\u672c\n42 4 1 <\/em> * root run-parts \/etc\/cron.monthly \/\/\u6bcf\u6708\u53bb\u6267\u884c\/etc\/cron.monthly\u5185\u7684\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u6ce8\u610f\u201drun-parts\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53bb\u6389\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(\u6700\u7b80\u4fbf\u6bcf\u5929\u5b9a\u65f6\u5173\u673a\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a1. gedit\u00a0 \/etc\/crontab 2.\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\uff1a01 22\u00a0 *\u00a0 root halt -p #\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u592922\uff1a01\u5173\u673a) \u4efb\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u5fc5&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[308,171],"class_list":["post-561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","tag-cron","tag-debian"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=561"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":562,"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561\/revisions\/562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}