{"id":464,"date":"2011-05-06T16:02:34","date_gmt":"2011-05-06T08:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nick.workao.org\/?p=464"},"modified":"2011-05-06T16:04:53","modified_gmt":"2011-05-06T08:04:53","slug":"python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e7%af%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/python\/464","title":{"rendered":"Python\u57fa\u7840\u7bc7"},"content":{"rendered":"<div lang=\"en\">\n<div lang=\"en\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2><a name=\"id2811704\"><\/a>1.1.\u00a0Python\u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nPython \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e1989\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\uff0cCWI\uff08\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u56fd\u5bb6\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458Guido van  Rossum\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684Amoeba\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00ABC\uff08ALL  BASIC CODE\uff09\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00Modula-3\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u9519\u8bed\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3002Van  Rossum\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u547d\u540d\u4e3aPython\uff08\u5927\u87d2\u86c7\uff09&#8212;\u6765\u6e90\u4e8eBBC\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u70ed\u64ad\u7684\u559c\u5267\u8fde\u7eed\u5267\u201cMonty Python\u201d\u3002\n\nPython \u4e8e1991\u5e74\u521d\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u6e90\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u884c\uff0cPython\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u793e\u533a\u529b\u91cf\u30022001 \u5e74\uff0cPython\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u79fb\u5e08Digital  Creations\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u662fZope\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199\u7684web\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u8005\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662fpython2.3.4\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u5230<a href=\"http:\/\/www.python.org\/\" target=\"_top\">http:\/\/www.python.org<\/a>\u4e0a\u4e86\u89e3\u6700\u65b0\u7684Python\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u8d44\u6599 \u3002\n\n<\/div>\n<div lang=\"en\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2><a name=\"id2811781\"><\/a>1.2.\u00a0Python\u529f\u80fd\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nPython\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ePerl\u3001Tcl\u3001Scheme\u6216Java\u3002\n\nPython\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u4ecb\u7ecd:\n<div>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n    <li>Python\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5f3a\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>Python\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u4f60\u8f7b\u677e\u5b8c\u6210\u7f16\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5e76\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u578b\u5f00\u53d1\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u5927\u578b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u6709 \u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1anumbers (integers, floating point, complex, and unlimited-length  long integers), strings (ASCII \u548c Unicode), lists, dictionaries\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>Python\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u548c\u591a\u5c42\u7ee7\u627f\u7b49\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u6253\u5305\u6210\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5305\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u52a0\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>Python\u652f\u6301\u5982\u751f\u6210\u5668\u548c\u5217\u8868\u5d4c\u5957\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u81ea\u52a8\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7c7b\u5e93\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f16\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>Python\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>Python\u6613\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7C\u6216C++\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>Python\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\u5d4c\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>Python\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u5404\u4f4dunix\uff0cwindows\uff0cMacOS,OS\/2\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>Python\u662f\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u514d\u8d39\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5982\u60f3\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3Python\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f51\u5740\u67e5\u8be2<a href=\"http:\/\/www.python.org\/psf\/license.html\" target=\"_top\">http:\/\/www.python.org\/psf\/license.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div lang=\"en\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2><a name=\"id2810170\"><\/a>1.3.\u00a0\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n    <li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3API\uff0c\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6709PIL\u3001Tkinter\u7b49\u56fe\u5f62\u5e93\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u6570\u5b66\u5904\u7406\uff0cNumPy\u6269\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u5b66\u5e93\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c<\/li>\n    <li>\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\uff0cpython\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684re\u6a21\u5757\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9bSGML\uff0cXML\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5229\u7528python\u8fdb\u884cXML\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u6570 \u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faaPython DB-API\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\uff09\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e0eMicrosoft SQL  Server\uff0cOracle\uff0cSybase\uff0cDB2\uff0cMysql\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u901a\u4fe1\u3002python\u81ea\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aGadfly\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684SQL\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u652f\u6301sockets\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u4f5c\u4e3aWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6700\u65b0\u7684XML\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\uff0cPython\u7684PyOpenGL\u6a21\u5757\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u201cOpenGL\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u7ef4\u548c\u4e09\u7ef4\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u3002PyGame\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u6e38\u620f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div lang=\"en\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2><a name=\"id2810267\"><\/a>1.4.\u00a0\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\uff1f<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n    <li>\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u4e92\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662flinux\u7c7b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cpython\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\/usr\/local\/bin\/python\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6253python\u5c31\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a:\n<pre>Python 2.3.3 (#1, Apr 27 2004, 15:17:58)\n[GCC 3.2 20020903 (Red Hat Linux 8.0 3.2-7)] on linux2\nType \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n>>><\/pre>\n\u201c>>>\u201d\u7b26\u53f7\u662fPython\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u6309CTRL+D\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662fwindows\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u8981\u6309CTRL+Z\u4e86\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u9000\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\uff1a\u201cimport sys\uff1bsys.exit()\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662fwindows\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u5230<a href=\"http:\/\/www.python.org\/download\/\" target=\"_top\">http:\/\/www.python.org\/download\/<\/a>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u6253python\u4e5f\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u662fpython\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b66\u4e60python\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6253\u5370&#8221;hello world&#8221;\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\n<pre>>>>print \"hello world\"\nhello world<\/pre>\n\u00a0<\/li>\n    <li>\u4ee5\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5305\u542bpython\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5.py\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u8981\u8f93\u5165python xxx.py\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\u4ee5linux\u811a\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u548cshell\u811a\u672c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4ee5vi\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9:\n<pre>#!\/usr\/local\/bin\/python\nprint \"test ............\"<\/pre>\n\u5b58\u76d8\u540e\uff0c\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u6539\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u8c61shell\u811a\u672c\u4e00\u6837\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>\n<div><a name=\"id2810362\"><\/a>\n<strong>Table\u00a01.1.\u00a0Python\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\u00a0\n<table border=\"1\" summary=\"Python\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\"><colgroup> <col> <col> <\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u9009\u9879<\/th>\n<th>\u4f5c\u7528<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-c cmd<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884cpython\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982python -c &#8216;print &#8220;hello world&#8221;&#8216;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-d<\/td>\n<td>\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u4ece\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u540cPYTHONDEBUG=1\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-E<\/td>\n<td>\u5ffd\u7565\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-h<\/td>\n<td>\u663e\u793apython\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-i<\/td>\n<td>\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u540e\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u4e92\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u540cPYTHONINSPECT=1\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-O<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5bf9\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u540c PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-OO<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5bf9\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-Q 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