{"id":2383,"date":"2021-12-24T10:49:34","date_gmt":"2021-12-24T02:49:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/?p=2383"},"modified":"2021-12-24T10:56:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-24T02:56:00","slug":"nat%e7%a9%bf%e9%80%8f%ef%bc%88udp%e6%89%93%e6%b4%9e%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/index.php\/linux\/2383","title":{"rendered":"NAT\u7a7f\u900f\uff08UDP\u6253\u6d1e\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1\u3001NAT\uff08Network Address Translator\uff09\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_mmd_2386\" class=\"wp-block-image alignnone\"><img width=\"528\" height=\"226\" src=\"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/532288-20170726190839609-188399264.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" align=\"none\" width=\"556\" srcset=\"http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/532288-20170726190839609-188399264.png 528w, http:\/\/nick.txtcc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/532288-20170726190839609-188399264-300x128.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>NAT\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u57fa\u672cNAT\u548cNAPT\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>1.1\u3001\u57fa\u672cNAT<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u9759\u6001NAT\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51IP\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8IP\uff0c\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n<p>\u52a8\u6001NAT\uff1aN\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51IP\u5bf9\u5e94M\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8IP\uff0c\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u8f6c\u6362\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u00a01.2\u3001NAPT\uff08Network Address\/Port Translator\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\uff0c\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79f0\u548c\u9525\u578bNAT\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9525\u578bNAT<\/strong>\uff0c\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u9525\u578b\u3001\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u9525\u578b\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u9525\u578b\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n    <li>a)<strong>Full Cone\u00a0NAT\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u5706\u9525\u578b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e3192.168.0.8:4000\u53d1\u81f3\u516c\u7f51\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u6620\u5c04\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e31.2.3.4:62000 \uff0c192.168.0.8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u52301.2.3.4:62000\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>b)<strong>Address Restricted Cone\u00a0NAT\u00a0\uff08\u5730\u5740\u9650\u5236\u5706\u9525\u578b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e3192.168.0.8:4000\u53d1\u81f3\u516c\u7f51\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u6620\u5c04\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e31.2.3.4:62000\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a192.168.0.8\u5148\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668C 6.7.8.9\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u540e\uff0c192.168.0.8\u624d\u80fd\u6536\u52306.7.8.9\u53d1\u9001\u52301.2.3.4:62000\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>c)<strong>Port Restricted Cone\u00a0NAT\uff08\u7aef\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u5706\u9525\u578b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u79c1\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e3192.168.0.8:4000\u53d1\u81f3\u516c\u7f51\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u6620\u5c04\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e31.2.3.4:62000\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a192.168.0.8\u5148\u5411\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u7aef\u53e36.7.8.9\uff1a8000\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u540e\uff0c192.168.0.8\u624d\u80fd\u6536\u52306.7.8.9\uff1a8000\u53d1\u9001\u52301.2.3.4:62000\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u5bf9\u79f0NAT<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u76f8\u540c\u5185\u90e8IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5916\u90e8IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5305\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u8be5\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aUDP\u5305\u3002\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684NAT\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684(\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u7aef\u53e3)\u548c(\u516c\u5f00IP\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u7aef\u53e3)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u79f0NAT\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0NAT\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3(\u8c61\u9525\u5f62\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ebCone NAT)\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.3\u3001\u68c0\u6d4bNAT\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3aA\uff0cNAT\u68c0\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3aB\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef(Endpoint-Receiver ,\u7b80\u79f0 EP-R)\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u5411\u68c0\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001NAT\u68c0\u6d4b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u5904\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\u662f\u201c\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7b97\u51fa\u5176\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7684\u589e\u91cf(\u22bfp)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5f53EP-R\u6536\u5230A\u6216B\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u5916\u90e8\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u5728NAT\u540e\u9762\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u7f51IP\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668A\u5411B\u53d1\u9001\u5176\u83b7\u5f97\u7684EP-R\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740(IPa\/Porta)\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668B\u83b7\u5f97\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5176\u5206\u914d\u589e\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u22bfp=Portb-Porta<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u7531B\u5411EP-R\u7684Porta\u53d1\u9001\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u679cEP-R\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660eEP-R\u6ca1\u6709IP\u548cPort\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5168ConeNAT\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668B\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u65b0\u7aef\u53e3b\u2019\u5411EP-R\u7684Portb\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660eEP-R\u53ea\u5bf9IP\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u6027ConeNAT\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9IP\u548cport\u90fd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7aef\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u6027ConeNAT\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e94\u6b65\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u90e8\u68c0\u6d4b\u51faEP-R\u662f\u5426\u5728\u516c\u7f51\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u79cdNAT\u540e\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a01.4\u3001NAT\u6620\u5c04\u8001\u5316\u65f6\u95f4<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u53ef\u9009\u914d\u7f6e\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u4e3aNAT \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u914d\u7f6e\u8001\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9NAT \u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5185\u3001\u5916\u7f51\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6eNAT \u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u9879\u8001\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u987b\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u56fe\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528firewall-nat session { dns | ftp | ftp-data | http | icmp | tcp | tcp-proxy | udp | sip | sip-media | rtsp |rtsp-media }aging-time time-value \u547d\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u53c2\u6570 time-value\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a1\uff5e65 535\u7684\u6574\u6570\u79d2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868\u9879\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u5206\u522b\u7528\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f3a\u7701\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8001\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\uff1aDNS\uff08120 s\uff09\u3001ftp\uff08120 s\uff09\u3001ftp-data\uff08120 s\uff09\u3001HTTP\uff08120 s\uff09\u3001icmp\uff0820 s\uff09\u3001tcp\uff08600 s\uff09\u3001tcp-proxy\uff0810 s\uff09\u3001udp\uff08120 s\uff09\u3001sip\uff081 800 s\uff09\u3001sip-media \uff08 120 s \uff09\u3001rtsp \uff08 60 s \uff09\u3001rtsp-media \uff08 120 s \uff09\uff0c \u53ef\u7528undo firewall-natsession { all | dns | ftp | ftp-data | http | icmp | tcp | tcp-proxy | udp | sip | sip-media | rtsp |rtsp-media } aging-time \u547d\u4ee4\u6062\u590d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8868\u9879\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>2\u3001UDP\u6253\u6d1e<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1\u3001p2p\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\uff1a<\/h3>\n<p>1\u3001 \u4e2d\u95f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5e76\u80fd\u53d1\u51fa\u5efa\u7acbUDP\u96a7\u9053\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001 \u7f51\u5173\u5747\u8981\u6c42\u4e3aCone NAT\u7c7b\u578b\u3002Symmetric NAT\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001 \u5b8c\u5168\u5706\u9525\u578b\u7f51\u5173\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9700\u5efa\u7acbudp\u96a7\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53cc\u65b9\u5747\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u66f4\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\u3001 \u5047\u5982X1\u7f51\u5173\u4e3aSymmetric NAT\uff0c Y1\u4e3aAddress Restricted Cone NAT \u6216Full Cone NAT\u578b\u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u5efa\u7acb\u96a7\u9053\u540e\uff0cA1\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7X1\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7ed9Y1\u5230B1(\u56e0\u4e3aY1\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u8fdb\u884cIP\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u7504\u522b)\uff0c\u4f46B2\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9X1\u7684\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4e2d\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0eX1\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u867d\u7136IP\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5\u3001 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